Bengali Nations Origin
Anthropologically, as a nation Bangalis make a mix of Austric, Dravidian, Negrito and Mongolian races.
Many anthropologists believe that the Bangali nation makes a vastly mixed race and one of the oldest
groups of humans inhabiting this region.
- Most Ancient Janapada was Pundra.
- Mughal Emperor Akbar’s historian Abul Fazal first mention the word “Bangla” in his book Ain-I-Akbari. (Vanga+Al= Bangla) Capital of Pundra was Pundravardan which was the ancient name of current-day Mahasthangarh. Mohasthangor is recently named the Cultural Capital of SAARC.
- Pala dynasty were the first independent Buddhist dynasty of Bengal
- The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, a central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father’s side and from Chagatai, the second son of the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan, on his mother’s side
The arrival of Europeans in India & Bengal :
There was a commercial relationship between the Indian sub-continent and Europe from ancient times.
Merchants from four countries came to the sub-continent for business- • Portuguese • Dutch • English • Danish • French
Arrival of Portuguese - • Arrival-1516 • Was known as-Phiringi • Arrival in Bangla-in 1516
Arrival of English- • East India Company was set up-in1600• East India Company arrived in Bangla in 1608 • English got permission to set up trade market by emperor Jahangir
Establishment of Political Right Under British Rule:
Dervishes movement (Fakir movement )-
• Main Leader of the dervishes and monks was- Dervish Manu Shah
• Notable leader of the monks- Bhabani Pathak
Movement of Titumir-
• Actual name of titumir- Syad Mir Nisar Ali
• Built “Bamboo fortress”-in Narikelbaria
• “bamboo fortress” ws destroyed by-Lieutenant cornel Stuart
• His chief assistant-golam masum
Faraizi Movement-
• Main leader- Haji Shoriotullah
Movement of Dudu Miah-
• Son of haji Shritullah- Dudu Miah
• Actual name of Dudu Miah-Muhommod MuhoshinUddin
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Blue rebellion-
• Blue rebellion was terminated-in 1860
• “Neel Darpan” ,the play(descibing oppression of the indigo planter) was wrien by- Dinbondhu
Mitra
• Industrial Revolution was happened in England-in the last years of 18th century
Sipahi Rebellion-
• Took place-in1857
• As Punishment for supporting Sipahi Rebellion- Second Bahadur Shah was ousted
• Second Bahadur Shah was given exile in Regun by-British commander Major Hudson
• Rule of Company in Indian sub-continent was terminated-in1858
• British Government received the responsibility of rulin India directly –in 1858
• First martyr of Sipahi Rebellion-Mongol Pande
Establishment of congress • Establishing year-1885 • Establisher-Alan Octavian Hume
Partition of Bangla – • Executed In- 1905 • Executed by – Lord Curzon • It was beneficial to the Muslims • As a result ‘Swadeshi movement’ occurred • “Amar shonar Bangla’’ was written over this situation.
Muslim league- • First political party of Muslims- Muslim league • Muslim league was formed in – 1906 • Founder- Nawab Salimullah
Termination of “partition of Bengal”- • Terminated by – Lord Hardinge • Terminated In – 1911
Two nation theory • Proponent- Muhammad Ali Jinnah • Declaration – 1939
Lahore Proposition • Declared in -1940 • Declared by – A.K. Fazlul Haque • A.K. Fazlul Haque was known as Sher –E-Bangla
Chief Ministers of Undivided Bangla
• First Chief Minister- A.K. Fazlul Haque
• Second Chief Minister-Khaja Najimuddin
• Third & last Chief Minister-Hossain Shohid Sohrawardi
Separation
• Independent Pakistan was born in -14 August 1947
• Independent India was born in – 15 August 1947
First in India-
• Governor general – Lord Maunten Baten
• Chief Minister – Jauharlal neheru
• President – Rajendra Prasad
First in East Bengal-
• Chief Minister – Khawaja Nazimuddin
• Chief Minister during Language movement – Nurul amin
First in Pakistan-
• Marshal Law Introduced by – Iskandar Mirza
• Chief Marshal Law Administrator- General Md. Ayub Khan
Awami Muslim League-
• Formed In – 23 June,1949
• Founder – Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
• General Secretary – Shamsul Haque
• Asst. General Secretary – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
• Word ‘Muslim’ was terminated from ‘Awami Muslim League’ In – 1955
Language Movement (1952)–
• First Organization of Language Movement – Tomuddin Mazlish
• Founder – Professor of Dhaka University Abul Kashem
• First Booklet – “State Language of Pakistan is Bangla not Urdu”
Martyrs of language movement
1. Rafique
2. Abdul Jabbar
3. Abdul Barkat (student of Dhaka University)
4. Abdus Salam
5. Shafiur
6. Oliullah (teenager)
7. Unknown
8. Unknown
First Shahid Minar-
• Established - 23rd February,1952
• Inaugurated in - 24th February,1952
• Inaugurated by - Mahbubur Rahman (father of martyr Shafiur)
• It was destroyed in - 24th February,1952
Present Shahid Minar
• Situated- Beside Dhaka Medical College
• Inaugurated In -21st February,1963
• Inaugurated by- Mother of martyr Barkat, Hasina Begum
• Architect – Hamidur Rahman
First Poem over Language Movement-
• Poem – “kadte ashini,fashir dabi niye eshechi”
• Poet- Mahbubul Alam Chowdhuri
First song over Language Movement
• Song- “Amar bhai er rokte rangano ekushe February”
• Writter – Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury
• Latest composer –Altaf Mahmud
• First composer – Abdul Latif
Recognition of Bangla
• “Bangla” got the recognition as a state language In “1956
Recognition of International mother language day
• 21st February got the recognition of International mother language day from UNNESCO in 1999
• 21st February is observed as International mother language day from the year 2000
Election of ‘United Front’
• Parties in ‘United Front’- Farmer-Laborer Party, Nejam-e-Islam, Democratic Party, National
Awami League.
• Winner of the election- United Front (won 223 seats of 309)
• The leader of United Front Government – Sher-E-Bangla
• The symbol of United Front in election was “Boat”.
• Sheikh Mujib took oath of office as Minister in the United Front Cabinet before Chief Minister
A.K.Fazlul Huq -15 may 1954.
• United Front cabinet was cancelled-in 1954 (on the 56th day)
Martial Law • Martial Law was first declared by-Iskander Mirza (1958)
Six Point Movement • Was declared for 3 times • First time-5 th February,1966 • 2 nd time-13th February,1966 • 3 rd time-23rd March,1966 • Officially declared-23rd march,1966 at Lahore by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Sheikh Mujib’s Title
• Bangabandhu • Given by-Tofael Ahmed • Was given at-Sohorawardi uddan (23rd February ,1969)
• Father of nation • Given by-A.S.M. Abdur Rob • Given at-Polton Moidan (3rd March 1971)
Mass Uprising of 1969
• Mass revolt Day is observed on -24 January
• Dr. Shamsujjoha, professor of Rajsahi University was murdered on -18 February,1969
Election of 1970
• Total seats-313
• Elected seats-300
• Preserved seats-13
• Awami League won 167 seats
• Awami league won elected seats-160
• Awami League won Preserved seats-7
Different Forces
• Z force-Major Ziaur Rahman
• S Force-Major shafiullah
• K force-Major Khaled Mosharrof
• Commander of Liberation Force- Cornel M.A. G. Ataul Goni Osmani
• Chief of Stuff- Cornel M.A. Rob
• Sub-commander and main director of Air force- A.K. Khondokar
Surrender of Pakistan Army
• Surrendered on 16th December,1971
• General Niazi signed the instrument of surrender on behalf of Pakistan Army
• L.G. Jagjeet Sing Arora signed the document on behalf of joint command
• Bangladesh’s Representative: Chief of Air Force A.K. Khondoker
• Jacob, nagara and Kader Siddiqui signed the document on behalf of Bangladesh
• The only female commander of the liberation war was – Ashalata boiddo
Title of Honor
Four categories of gallantry awards are1) Bir Sreshtho -7 participants
2) Bir Uttom -69 participants
3) Bir Bikrom-175 participants
4) Bir Protik-426 participants
Only one indigenous freedom fighter who got Bir Bikrom-UK Ching
The two female freedom fighters who got the Bir Protik award-1) Taramon Bibi 2) Dr. Captain Sitara
Begum
The youngest freedom fighter who got Bir Protik- Shahidul Islam
The foreign freedom fighter who got Bir Protik- W. S. Odarland
The freedom fighters who didn’t get gallantry awards- 1) Kakon Bibi 2) Kakat Heinchita
Bangladesh Freedom Honour- Indira Gandhi
The first country in the world who gave recognition - Bhutan
The 2nd country in the world who gave recognition - India